![]() ![]() Her 1897 translation of Sufi poet Hafiz launched a literary career that included such classic travel books as The Desert and the Sown (1907) and The Thousand and One Churches (1909). Restless, uneasy with the debutante’s role, Bell, a brilliant, rebellious student, craved a mission in life and found solace in climbing mountains, studying archaeology and learning languages. ![]() Her mother died early on, and Gertrude grew up largely under the watchful eye of her enlightened French stepmother, Florence. ![]() She was the privileged granddaughter of Yorkshire industrialist Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, an engineer and iron manufacturer. Her knowledge of the Middle East was far-reaching and formidable, thanks to decades spent traveling in the desert, sometimes alone, documenting the land and the intricacies of Bedouin life. Lawrence, Bell (1868–1926) was instrumental in uniting Arab tribes against their Turkish oppressors indeed, she is credited with helping to forge the nation of Iraq at the end of World War I. From British journalist Howell, a lively biography of the daring Victorian adventurer, archaeologist and author, an early proponent of Arab self-determination.Īlong with T.E. ![]()
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